Czechoslovak military units in the USSR (1942 - 1945)
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1st Czechoslovak Army Corps
General facts
From - to: |
10.04.1944 - 15.05.1945 1 |
Subordinate to: |
07/44 - 4th Ukrainian Front, Soviet 1st Guards Army
04.09.44 - 1st Ukrainian Front 2, Soviet 38th Army 3
29.11.44 - 4th Ukrainian Front 4, Soviet 38th Army
01.01.45 - 4th Ukrainian Front, Soviet 1st Guards Army 5
19.01.45 - 4th Ukrainian Front, Soviet 18th Army 6
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Commander: |
Brigadier General Jan Kratochvíl 7
11.09.1944 - Brigadier General Ludvík Svoboda 8
03.04.1945 - Brigadier General Karel Klapálek
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Number: |
16 171 persons 9
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National composition: |
Czechs (53%), Slovaks (19%), Rusyns (22%), Jews (3,5%), others (2,5%) |
Units: |
The 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps consisted of independent infantry, tank, artillery, air and special-purpose units. All were operationally subordinate to the Czechoslovak Army Corps. Some were occasionally transferred to other areas of operations where they became directly subordinate to Soviet headquarters.
Infantry units:
1st Czechoslovak Independent Brigade
2nd Czechoslovak Independent Parachute Brigade
3rd Czechoslovak Independent Brigade
4th Czechoslovak Independent Brigade
Tank units:
1st Czechoslovak Independent Tank Brigade
Artillery units:
5th Czechoslovak Artillery Regiment
Air units:
1st Czechoslovak Independent Fighter Air Regiment 
1st Czechoslovak Composite Air Division
Special units:
1st Czechoslovak Independent Engineer Battalion
1st Czechoslovak Independent Communications Battalion
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Main combat operations: |
Soldiers of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps took part in Slovak National Uprising, liberation of southern Poland and Czechoslovak territory (Slovakia, Silesia and Moravia).
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Structure of unit (09/1944)
Notes:
- The 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps was redesignated the 1st Czechoslovak Army.
- Commander – Marshal I. S. Konev.
- Commander – Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko.
- Commander – Army General I. E. Petrov.
- Commander – Colonel General A. A. Grechko.
- Commander – General A. I. Gastilovich.
- The Soviets had attributed the high Czechoslovak losses in the first days of the Carpatho-Dukla operation to Brigadier General Kratochvíl’s perceived poor performance. They named Brigadier General Svoboda the new corps commander even though such assignments were the sole prerogative of the Czechoslovak President.
- General Klapálek (formerly commander of the 3rd Cs. Independent Brigade) relieved Brigadier General Svoboda, who became the Minister of National Defense.
- As of 09/1944. This number included the reserve regiment and rear echelon units. Beginning in 08.09.1944, about 13 000 personnel were combat personnel.
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